Artificial Insemination in Dogs

Success rates for artificial insemination The key-issues to obtain good results by using canine artificial insemination are: Proper timing of the insemination The use of adequate number of viable sperm cells per Good semen preparation and handling Adequate deposition of semen in the female reproductive tract On next sections the major issues on timing the AI and available techniques of semen deposition on the bitch genital tract will be discussed. Timing the moment for insemination Obtaining successful pregnancies and adequate number of offspring per litter depends upon the correct timing for mating, as well as for insemination, particularly because bitches are mono-estrous, presenting usually one to two reproductive cycles per year. Although relationship among behavioral, hormonal and physiological events for the average bitch exists, considerable individual variation are also currently found on what concerns the duration of the estrogenic and early luteal stages proestrus and estrus and of the anestrus Concannon et al. The bitch usually presents a relatively long follicular phase and considerable variability exists in the onset of estrous behavior and acceptance of the male, making it difficult to determine occurrence of the LH surge and onset of ovulation in this species unless specific methods for timing the ovulation and estimating the fertile period are used Linde-Forsberg, Furthermore, in this species, ovulation of immature oocytes primary oocytes, before extrusion of the first polar body determines the need for a maturation period in distal oviducts that may last for hours Concannon,; Tsuitsui, ; Tsutsui et al. Those particularities in the reproductive physiology may explain why the major cause for infertility in the bitch is the inappropriate breeding management Goodman, ; Linde-Forsberg, Consequently, careful planning of mating time by timing ovulation is a key step in canine artificial insemination. These evaluations should be performed in sequence and with days intervals for the majority of females if the bitch has been reported to present short heat period, of about 6 to 9 days, is possible that daily evaluations may be needed. On the vaginal cytology, epithelial cells of the vagina change their form in response to estrogen impregnation, and passes from small round cells with a clearly visible cytoplasm in non-estrogenic stages, to larger, cornified, angular shaped-cells with small pyknotic nucleus, almost to the point of disappearing, under the influence of estrogens Figure 1.

Ovulation Timing The following interview was at first released as a podcast on July 31, The topic is ovulation timing in the bitch with Dr. She has a special interest all the rage canine reproduction and has been catch up with canine reproduction and semen cryopreservation for 21 years. She is a nationally recognized authority in these areas and serves as a consultant en route for veterinarians through the Veterinarian Information Arrangement.

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